河西走廊东部沙尘日变化特征及其与气象因子的关系

沙尘天气是河西走廊东部多发的灾害天气之一.为提高河西走廊东部沙尘天气的预测、预报、预警水平,更好地预防沙尘灾害和沙尘天气对空气质量的污染.利用河西走廊东部5个气象站1960-2016年逐日沙尘（包括浮尘、扬沙及沙尘暴）资料和四季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均风速、大风日、蒸发量、降水量、相对湿度等资料,运用统计学方法分析了河西走廊东部各强度沙尘日的时空分布特征以及沙尘日与气象因子的相关性.结果表明:受海拔、地形地貌以及天气系统等影响,各强度沙尘日（除浮尘外）由东北向西南呈递减趋势.年代、年各强度沙尘日呈显著减少趋势,沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘递减率分别为-2.436、-5.277、-5.719 d/（10 a）,气候趋势系数均通过了α=0.01的显著性水平检验.年沙尘日的时间序列均存在着6~8 a的准周期变化.各强度沙尘日均为春季最多,秋季最少,且各季节沙尘日均呈显著减少趋势,递减率为春季>夏季>冬季>秋季,气候趋势系数均通过了α=0.01的显著性水平检验.各强度沙尘日月变化比较一致,高峰值出现在4月,低谷值出现在9月.气象因子对沙尘天气有一定的影响,同一季节气象因子对各强度沙尘日的影响相对一致,但不同的季节气象因子对各强度沙尘日的影响不一致.热力因子和动力因子是影响沙尘天气的主导因子,水分因子的影响较弱.研究显示,气候变暖、冷空气活动频次和强度减弱是沙尘日减少的主要原因之一,大气环流的季节性转变是沙尘天气季节性变化的主要原因.      

The Use of Mytilus Galloprovincialis Acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferases Activities as Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination Along the Northwest Portuguese Coast

With the aim of using Mytilus galloprovincialis acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities as biomarkers of environmental contamination in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast, the objective of this study was to provide background information related to: (1) baseline values of these enzymatic activities both in reference and contaminated areas and their responsiveness as indicators of exposure to environmental contaminants; (2) the importance of seasonal variations of such biomarkers in M. galloprovincialis along this area. For this, the activity of these enzymes was seasonally determined in mussels collected from four sites, including a reference and three stations with different contamination sources along the referred area. Statistically significant differences on both enzymatic activities were found among the four sampling stations, at the four sampling periods. In comparison to the reference station, lower AChE and higher GST activity values were found in mussels collected in stations potentially contaminated by pesticides and domestic/industrial effluents and in mussels collected in the vicinity of an oil refinery and an industrial/mercantile harbour, respectively. The results obtained in this work highlighted the potential suitability of these biomarkers to be used as components of environmental monitoring programs in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast. Since a seasonal variation in both enzymatic activities was found, the possible implications of such variability in the use of these enzymes as environmental biomarkers are also discussed.     

Mitigating Industrial Pollution Along the Atlantic Coast of Cameroon: An Overview of Government Efforts

Summary This paper presents an overview of the initiatives that have been formulated by the government of Cameroon to address the problem of industrial pollution. It also prescribes robust recommendations that could be employed to save the Atlantic coast of Cameroon from industrial pollutants. After the participation of Cameroon in the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the government took a significant step to overhaul its institutional framework, legal framework and policy framework vis-à-vis the regulation of industrial pollution. Under the auspices of the United Nation Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project aimed at sustaining the health of the Atlantic coast of Cameroon by ensuring treatment of industrial wastes, oil spills, sewage and heavy metals was implemented (1995–1999). Based upon careful analysis, however, the paper argues that these efforts have had little or no discernable impacts and that industrial activities along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon are still a major threat to safety, health and the environment. With a considerable number of hurdles that still persist, sufficient environmental improvement in industrial pollution along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon is far-fetched. Nevertheless, the paper concludes that marked environmental improvement can be obtained if: (i) competent personnel are appointed in ministries that play an active role in mitigating industrial pollution (ii) research partnerships are forged with local universities (iii) industrial machinery and equipment are improved (iv) inter institutional conflicts are addressed (v) a more collaborative forum between stakeholders is established (vi) adequate monitoring is instituted. The provisions of this paper form the foundation of an ongoing research being conducted by the authors at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.     

粤东长埔—西岭地区锡矿断裂岩浆控制因素及成矿模式

作者认为莲花山断裂以东长埔—西岭一带的内生锡矿化在成因上主要与燕山早期(J_3)火山侵入杂岩有关,矿质主要来自富锡中酸—酸性同熔型混源岩浆。矿带、矿田、矿床定位严格受线形断裂构造及其结点控制。并以火成岩和断裂格局作为主要地质标志,探讨了区内锡矿成矿模式。     

海岸带生态安全压力分析——厦门案例分析

以厦门海域为研究对象,调查总结出厦门海域生态所面临的7项自然生态安全压力和10项人为生态安全压力。在对所有生态安全压力的危害强度、范围和频次进行对比赋值的基础上,使用模型:生态安全压力值(S)=危害强度(I).危害范围(E).危害频次(F),和海域承受压力状态(SS)=承受生态安全压力值(Si).承受比重(wi),对各项生态安全压力的大小及厦门6个主要海域承受的生态安全压力大小进行评价。研究结果发现:厦门海岸带总体面临较为严重的生态压力,其中西海域和同安湾最为严重;生态安全压力主要来自海岸带工程建设和围垦造地,九龙江河口输入,台风、风暴潮。     

塔克拉玛干沙尘活动对下游大气PM10浓度的影响

利用卫星遥感获得的1997~2002年逐日气溶胶指数(AI)分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠地区上空大气沙尘的时空变化特征,以及2001,2002年春季(4~5月)该沙区大气沙尘活动与我国大陆29个主要城市大气PM10含量的相关性.结果表明,该区大气沙尘活动的强弱与中国西北东部(西宁、兰州、银川、西安)大气PM10含量高低存在着显著的正相关(相关系数超过0.7,达到0.001的显著性水平).地面大气环流场的合成分析和线性回归分析发现,该沙漠地区的大气沙尘主要是通过青藏高原东北缘的绕流以及翻越高原东北部柴达木盆地的偏西风输送到西北东部地区,进而影响到当地空气质量的.     

珠江三角洲海岸变迁及对城市可持续发展的影响

应用遥感技术,结合2003年野外实地调查,利用地理信息系统（GIS）将历史时期海岸线叠加处理,得出珠江三角洲最新岸线演变动态.论文回顾了历史时期珠江三角洲的发育演变,对珠江三角洲自1965至2003年38年间围垦土地增长速率和海岸线变化趋势作了定量分析和测算,认为珠江三角洲海岸演进呈越来越快的趋势,其中伶仃洋、磨刀门、黄茅海为海岸变迁的典型地段.以珠江口地区为重点对河口海岸演变的作用效应、人类活动特点及其引发的海岸环境地质问题、海平面上升对环境的叠加影响等进行了分析,论述了海岸异常变迁背景下,人类工程活动造成湿地破坏、水位壅高、航道淤积、污水滞留等不良环境地质问题.海平面上升造成珠江三角洲大片低地被淹没、风暴潮灾害加剧等,对城市可持续发展的形势影响巨大.     

峡东地区奥陶系庙坡组地球化学异常与海平面变化研究

通过对峡东地区陈家河剖面奥陶系庙坡组笔石动物群及稀土元素地球化学、有机碳同位素异常和Ce异常的研究 ,讨论了庙坡组沉积时期的海平面变化及相应的层序地层的划分 ,整个庙坡组可以划分为一个三级层序 ,其海侵域相当于H .teretiusculus带的沉积 ,当海平面达到最大海泛面附近时的凝缩沉积及其后的高位域则与N .gracilis带的沉积相当。并认为这一时期笔石的生态差异主要受温度的控制而非地理阻隔的影响。     

东太湖茭草资源生态评价及利用对策

根据1990年调查,对东太湖茭草资源现状及环境影响进行论述,揭示其生态失调、利用价值下降的趋势;从保护湖泊资源和水利功能的角度探讨开发治理的对策。     

The status of beaches and shoreline development options on the French Riviera: a perspective and a prognosis

Beach conservation and management on the high-value French Riviera in southeastern France have had mixed fortunes in shoreline economic development strategies over the past half century. Prior to 1965, socio-economic growth related to immigration and tourism resulted in considerable pressure on the coastal zone, leading in particular to beach erosion and degradation of beach environmental quality. Between 1965 and 1980, over 20% of the 132 km-long French Riviera was permanently altered through the implantation of yachting harbours and reclamation fill structures, while beach-based recreation had a rather low ranking as a development choice, except in the two major resorts of Cannes and Nice which exhibit a densely urbanized seafront. On this preponderantly bold rocky coast, the mediocre recreational value inherited by many of the beaches from the regional geologic setting, and from development pressures and earlier errors in coastal management, left them vulnerable to appropriation and so-called ‘valorization’ by yachting harbour and estate developers. Over the last decade, artificial shoreline development has virtually ceased, in response to several more or less interrelated factors. These include relative stagnation of socio-economic growth, increasing development and maintenance costs of yachting harbours, saturation of the yachting harbour market as a result of the burgeoning of new, often cheaper, resorts and of reconversion of commercial and shipbuilding ports to leisure ports in the Mediterranean, more stringent legislation, since 1986, on the implantation of residential and major engineering structures on the coastline, pressure for conservation of the cultural and environmental heritage, and greater demand for beach recreational space. This situation has forced a diversification of shore-based activities, as it has been realised that better managed beaches may balance economic aspirations while contributing to enhanced environmental quality and sensible shoreline conservation. This change in strategy has entailed considerable efforts and money on the improvement of coastal water quality, the provision of amenities for beach-goers, and especially the nourishment of eroding beaches and the creation of several artificial beaches. The extent to which beaches will continue to play a role in the sustainable development of French Riviera resorts will depend largely on the capacity of local authorities to maintain environmental quality in the face of inherited and persistent handicaps such as beach erosion.